abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:West Nile virus emerged recently in North America as a serious human and animal pathogen. This review summarizes the use of experimental infections with West Nile virus in diverse vertebrate species that have been used to answer fundamental questions about the host response, pathogenesis of West Nile ...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Bowen RA,Nemeth NM

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Infectious keratitis is a medical emergency. Improper management can lead to marked loss of vision. This review identifies recent trends in the study of infectious keratitis. RECENT FINDINGS:A multicountry outbreak of Fusarium keratitis emphasizes that contact lens wear is a major risk factor for inf...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Thomas PA,Geraldine P

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, especially pulmonary disease, is increasingly encountered by clinicians. Therapy of the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium avium complex, improved with the introduction of macrolide-containing regimens, but treatment for this and most...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Griffith DE

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV postexposure prophylaxis is often recommended following potential sexual exposure to HIV. Recent data address the effectiveness of postexposure prophylaxis and prevention counseling, cost-effectiveness, antiretroviral options, challenges with nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis among adolesce...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Roland ME

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Early treatment of invasive mold infections improves the outcome. Therapy is often delayed, however, because available diagnostic tools such as culture, microscopy and conventional radiology lack sensitivity; consequently, empirical initiation of antifungal therapy has been advocated, particularly for...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Maertens J,Deeren D,Dierickx D,Theunissen K

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on recent developments on evaluation of 8-aminoquinoline analogs with broader efficacy and reduced toxicity, which would provide better drugs for treatment of protozoal infections. RECENT FINDINGS:The earlier efforts towards development of 8-aminoquinoline analogs have been direct...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Tekwani BL,Walker LA

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hepatitis E, a disease transmitted by hepatitis E virus, is increasingly recognized as being indigenous to affluent, temperate-zone countries. Issues pertaining to disease acquisition and hepatitis E virus infection, particularly in Western countries, are reviewed and highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS:Cli...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Teo CG

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review identifies trends in the study of interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and humans. When nasal colonization is in the neutral state, infection clearly represents a state of host-pathogen disbalance. The features leading from apparent homeostatic colonization to pathogenesis are identi...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： van Belkum A

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Necrotizing enterocolitis remains an enigmatic and potentially devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality. This review explores ways in which bacterial pathogens, together with gut microflora, influence the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. Specifically, it examines the role o...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Hammerman C,Kaplan M

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In contrast to patients at risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia or mechanically ventilated patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia is a relatively new clinical entity that includes a spectrum of adult patients who have close association with acute care hos...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Craven DE

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review presents an update on the molecular epidemic patterns of HIV-1 infection and the effects of subtype-related genetic variability on transmission, disease progression, response to antiretroviral therapy and drug-resistance pathways. RECENT FINDINGS:The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infect...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Geretti AM

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:A review of recent developments in the understanding of the natural history of anal squamous carcinoma arising from areas of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. RECENT FINDINGS:Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is a consequence of chronic human papillomavirus infection in the anal canal and appea...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Fox PA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As physicians are confronted with a diversity of adverse events and variability in response to medication among patients, this review will focus on the available evidence regarding the impact of genetic variation on drug response. Specifically, variation in drug metabolizing enzymes such as the cytoch...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Boffito M,Winston A,Owen A

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on only the newest antifungal agents recently approved or still under development and the available data in pediatric and neonatal patients. The larger body of data in adult patients is used for comparative purposes only in an attempt to understand pediatric implications. RECENT F...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Steinbach WJ,Benjamin DK

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Parasites and other infections have many effects on the gastrointestinal tract of individuals who are immunocompromised. Few reviews focus on parasitic infections, which are covered here. RECENT FINDINGS:The review first examines recent advances in our understanding of the taxonomy, diagnosis and tre...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Lewthwaite P,Gill GV,Hart CA,Beeching NJ

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:For decades, healthcare workers have been known to be at risk from acquiring a variety of bloodborne pathogen infections as a result of occupational exposure. Primary prevention of exposures, as recommended by universal precautions guidelines, remains the cornerstone of protecting healthcare workers. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Beekmann SE,Henderson DK

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize important papers concerning measles disease and measles-containing vaccines published in 2004. RECENT FINDINGS:Endemic measles has been successfully controlled in the Americas and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. This has been achieved with a high uptake of t...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Elliman D,Sengupta N

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been performed since 1921, and remains the best method of preventing severe infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, in its various forms, remains a public health problem, and more than 100 countries continue BCG vaccination in an ef...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Bellet JS,Prose NS

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Associations between processes of care for hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients and clinical outcomes are important because of the high incidence of such admissions and substantial related mortality. Several studies have examined these associations. RECENT FINDINGS:Large retrospective s...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Houck PM,Bratzler DW

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to review recent publications relevant to understanding the interaction of urinary tract infection and diabetes mellitus, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:The largest number of identified reports described aspects of epidemi...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Nicolle LE

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is a history of inadequate treatments for cryptosporidiosis and a lack of understanding of the species that cause human disease. Against this background, we review the efficacy of antiparasitic agents, particularly nitazoxanide, which has led to increased treatment options, the potential for imm...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Smith HV,Corcoran GD

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article reviews recent developments in West Nile encephalitis. Because of the large number of individuals infected in the United States, an expanded spectrum of the disease has been recognized. Flaccid paralysis presenting as poliomyelitis-like syndrome is being increasingly recognized. RECENT F...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Cunha BA

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Invasive fungal infections have become the leading infectious cause of death in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Several factors have led to a renaissance in the study of invasive fungal infections. The growing incidence of both commonly encountered as well as emerging pathogens and t...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Brown JM

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hepatitis C virus is an RNA virus that usually establishes persistent infection in its host. As an important cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, hepatitis C is a growing public health concern. Despite recent advances in therapy, most people infected with the virus can expect lif...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Darling JM,Wright TL

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fungal infections are prevalent in very low birthweight (<1500 g) infants and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the adherence factors, molecular diagnostics and risk factors for invasive fungal infection are important in treatment and prevention. RECEN...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Kaufman D

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were a poorly defined and understood entity. The application of better study designs and new research methodologies has shed considerable light on the pathogenesis of this common clinical syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:Inflammation is an importa...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Sethi S

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in our understanding of the modifiable behavioural and biological factors contributing to the transmission of genital herpes simplex infection, and the limited data on the use of antiviral agents for reducing transmission risk in serodiscordan...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Patel R

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The early treatment of invasive fungal infection is critical but is hampered by the non-specific nature of clinical and radiological signs and the insensitivity of current laboratory diagnostic methods. If mortality due to invasive fungal infection is to be reduced, new, preemptive therapeutic strateg...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Jones BL,McLintock LA

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HCV infection becomes chronic in 50-85% of cases. The treatment of chronic hepatitis C is currently based on a combination of pegylated interferon (IFN)-alpha and ribavirin. With this regimen, a failure to eradicate infection occurs in 18-24% of patients infected by genotype 2 or 3, and in 54-58% of p...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Pawlotsky JM

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review addresses recent developments that relate to the pathogenesis of severe malaria and its treatment, and also highlights the increase in the global burden of malaria and provides a summary of clinical trials of malaria vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS:Malaria, one of the world's most important par...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Maitland K,Bejon P,Newton CR

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review addresses the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella. RECENT FINDINGS:Resistance to chloramphenicol, amicillin and cotrimoxazole is common in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A in Asia and a few countries of Africa. In some countries, the isolation of multidrug resistan...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Parry CM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It is now well established that cytokines play a critical role in the regulation of the immune system. Processes such as lymphoid development, differentiation, homeostasis, tolerance and memory are all regulated by cytokines that bind the type I family of cytokine receptors. Like the interferons, whic...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Gadina M,Ferguson PR,Johnston JA

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The development of increasing resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics is making treatment of infections due to this organism much more difficult. The ultimate impact of high-level antibiotic resista...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Tan TQ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Imiquimod is the first member of a new class of immune response modifiers; it was first approved in 1997 for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts. It is an imidazoquinoline, a novel synthetic compound which is an immune response stimulator, enhancing both the innate and acquire...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Garland SM

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The leishmaniases, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, are a significant health problem in many regions of the world. This review highlights the recent advances in the study of leishmaniasis related to parasite biology, disease pathogenesis, clinical evaluation and treatment, and pr...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Melby PC

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Opportunistic infections contribute to morbidity and mortality after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The development of nonmyeloablative or toxicity-reduced conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might change this picture significantly. These r...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Junghanss C,Marr KA

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease represent a unique infection control problem because prions exhibit an unusual resistance to conventional chemical and physical decontamination methods. This paper reviews the recent literature and provides recommendations for the prevention of nosocomi...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Weber DJ,Rutala WA

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the initial responses of an organism to infection by pathogenic viruses is the synthesis of antiviral cytokines such as the type I interferons (interferon-alpha/beta), interleukins, and other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interferons provide a first line of defence against virus infections by genera...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Grandvaux N,tenOever BR,Servant MJ,Hiscott J

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus persists in a latent form for the life of its host, periodically reactivating and often resulting in significant psychosocial distress for the patient. Currently no cure is available. Antiviral therapy is the main treatment modality, used either orally, intravenously, or topically to prohibit furt...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Yeung-Yue KA,Brentjens MH,Lee PC,Tyring SK

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal inherited disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Major progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. Persistent respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa leads to progressive ...

journal_title：Current opinion in infectious diseases

authors： Brennan AL,Geddes DM

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00